Blasting apparatus.



APPLICATION FILED MAY 3l, 1911 ?aented Jan. 7, 1913.

20H/neuw 1 @Jim A. KOWASTGH. BLASTING APPARATUS. APPLICATION FILEDy MAYs1, 1911.

pgj, Patened Jan. 7, 1915 3 SEEETSHEET 2.

MMM. Y

they arebrought into contact with each other and therefore render theaddition of other` substances for the purpose of. forming a blastingcharge impossible. The appliances serving to carry out the process maybe constructed in manifold ways according tothe nature of the explosive.A few of such appliances are illustrated in the drawing.

Figure 1 shows an appliance in horizontal section and Fig. 2 the sameappliance in vertical section which may be used for blasting by means ofliquid air in particular. Figs. 2a and 2b are cross-sections on thelines A-B and C-`D of Fig. 2; Fig. 2C is a vertical section of a brokenoff portion of the arrangement shown in Fig. 2, the movable parts beingin another position than in Fig. 2; Figs. 3, l and 5 are verticalsectionsot modified forms of my new device; Figs. 5f* and 5b arecross-sections on the lines E-F and G-H of Fig. 5; Fig. 6 is a verticalsection of a further modification of my invention; Fig. 6a is across-section on line l-K ot Fig. 6; Fig. 6b is a front view of the dish11 of Fig. 6; Fig. 7 is a plan of the arrange mentshown in Fig. 6; Fig.S is a vertical section of another modification of the device forming!the objectof my invention.

The ore hole 1 in which is made an enlargement 2, is nearly filled up bya plug 3 consisting of a suitable material, metal, etc. If the bore holeis not of the same diameter along the whole of its length, the plug ismade to iit .the bore holeapproximately. The plug 3 has a. centralpassage 4 running through it to its end situated next to the blastingchamber, while its opposite end is a solid cylinder which is adapted towork r fiuidtight or gastight in the hollow cylinder 6. In the passage 4and coaxial therewith is ,placed a tube 7 andv inside this in its turnAwith ample clearance and rigidly connected thereto is a tube S. Toenable the tubes 7 and 8 to be usoved axially the cylindrical portionsand 6 are provided with recesses 9 and 10, (Figs. 2 and 2".) and on thetube 7 is placed a handle 11 which passes through the slots 9 and 10. Atits rear end the tube 7 carries conical jaws 12, which when'the tube ispulled forward Jforce the locking parts 13 apart and into the enlargement 2 of the bore hole and so secure the plug therein. At the rear endof the tubes 7 and S and lying in the prolongation there of areshorttubular pieces 14 and 15. These tubular pieces are rigidlyconnected to each other at a mutual distance apartand can be drawn backby a chain 17 which is at tached to a projection 1G on the tube 15,passes through the tube 7 to the mouth ot' the` bore hole and thereterminates in a handle 1S. [it the rear end ot' the block is also aclosing valve 2() which is controlled by a spring i9 aud whichimmediately the tubular pieces l-i and l5 are drawn backshuts them o,(Fig. 2C). By suitably modifying the arrangement the tubes 14 and 15could be sluit otf separately. -The tube 8 also7 which serves asl aninlet. tube, may be used as an outlet tube, and in like manner theoutlet tube 7 may be used as an inlet tube. To the rear end 5 of theplug 3 is attached a tube 21 which reaches into the blasting chamber 22and is perforated. A passage 23 in the rear end of the plug 3 connectsthe blasting chamber 22 with the interior of the tubes 14 and 15 so thatgases can therefor-epass out ot the blasting chamber 22 through thepassage 23 into the space between the tubes 14 and 15, thence into thespace between the tubes 7 and 8 and from there into the open air. Aslongas the tubes 7 and 8 or 14 and15 are not closed by the valve 2O7 liquidair or gases or liquids can be introduced from a receptacle 24 throughthe tubes S, 15 and 21 into the blasting cha-mber 22. The liquids mayalso carry with them solid bodies in the form of powder.

ln the rear part of the plug 3 are provided passages 25, (Figs. 1, 2 and2n), which connect the' blasting chamber 22 with the enlargement 2 ofthe bore hole. When the bore hole is being 'charged these holes areclosed by a disk 26 with a packing disk lying in front of it and thethickness of which is of such dimensions that the gas pressure producedby the explosion in the blasting chamber can not perforate it. Theexplosion only perforates the disk at the points where the passages areand allows the gases to pass through them into the enlargement 2.Finally there is inserted in the plug 3 and in a passage provided for itthe fuse 27, which terminates in the primer 28. In the case of manyexplosives this latter may be omitted,` as where the bore hole issecurely tamped the danger of the lining thereof being driven out isavoided and the use of simple flame ignition is therefore renderedpossible. The part 3 is separated trom the part 6 by apackng 29, thepurpose of which is to bar the w ay into the open air of any gases whichmay penetrate thereinto. The cylindrical part G slides in the hollowcylinder 30, which is filled with water, oil or the like and issupported against the prop 3l, by the wedge 32 or in some other manner.The pressure 'foriorcing up the part 6 may be produced by a pump 33.

The operation of the device shown in Figs. l, 2, 21, 2b and 2c is asfollows: After the elements of the device have been assembled, the

plug 3 and dependent parts are introduced* indor il() or the like islocked in its' position by the prop 3l und the wedge 32. Further,

the ilame and be provided with openings closed by Stoppers 13. By thepressure of the explosion gases these Stoppages are driven out and thecoal which comes down rand the head or end ot the gallery can besubjected to a spraying with gas or water by the action of the explosiongases. The apparatus is rendered liquid and gas-tight by the packing 1stwhich consists of some suitable material, such as asbestos` ete., and iscompressed by a nut 15 which is tightened up by a Spanner inserted inthe holes 16. Two or more securing devices serve to secure the cross bar17. Against it bears the spring 18 so that the meansfor holding theapparatus in the bore hole is elastic. By slightly moditying theappliance shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3 one or more other substances may beintroduced into the explosion chamber for the purpose of obtainingexplosive mixtures with the bodies produced by the electricaldecomposition.

Fig. 5 shows an arrangement for holding the apparatus in the bore hole4in which there is inserted between the blasting charge and the meansfor holding the apparatus in the bore hole a part or parts which provideelasticity at the instant of the explosion. The strength of this part orthese parts is so calculated that should the blasting charge produce anypressure in the bore hole before the explosion ensues, the parts resistit, yet are shattered by the pressure ot the explosion and driven intothe enlargement of the bore hole. In this way the pressure upon themeans for holding the apparatus in the bore is lessened, which in thecase of some coal prevents the' apparatus from being driven out of thebore hole and in general reduces the wear of the means for keeping ittherein. The bore hole 1 again has an enlargement 2 in which the bolt 3engages, (Fig. 51). The block 4 contains three passages 5, 6 and 7, ofwhich the passage 5 is the inlet passage, the passage 6 the outletpassage and the passage 7 the passage for the tiring wire. As in thearrangement shown in Figs. 1 and 2 there arelin the interior of theblock two tubes 8 endl) which are rigidly connected to each 'other andcanbe rotated by a handle 10. Each tube has at its rear end an opening,the tube 8 having an opening 11 and the tube 9 an opening 12. In theosition shown the tubes 9 and 8 communicate with the passages 5 andA 6respectively through these holes, (Fig. 5b). For the purpose ofpreparing the charge the tube 9 is connected with the filling vessel bymeans of the hose 13. After the charge has been prepared the passages 5and 6 are shut oill by turning the arms 10.

The appliances described are intended to permit ot being usedrepeatedly. lt is however desirable, in order to make the use ot theprocess general in practice to have gas and iuidtight explosion chambersthe locking and packing of which are so simple and cheap that the use ofthe apparatus once only oi'ers no obstacle to the employment of theprocess from a monetary point 02h70 view. Fig. 6 shows such a gas andfluidtight blasting chamber locked in vertical section and Fig. 7 is aplan view thereof. In the bore hole 1 is an enlargement 2 of any desiredshape and size. largeinents may also be provided. Into the bore holelits a plug 3 consisting of any desired material of suitable strengthand from which a bolt 5 controlled by `a spring 4 can emerge for thepurpose of entering the enlargement of the bore hole. The bolt may alsobe moved outward by its own Weight or by litt or tension or by thevpressure of the gases in the interior of the bore hole, in short in anydesired manner. 3 is traversed by three passages 7, S and 6, (Fig. 6a)for the inlet and outlet and for the firing wire. These passages may bereduced to two or one in which the others are inclosed, similar to thatshown in Figs. 2 and 90 5. Behind this plug may be conveniently placed apaper bag 9 filled with some .plastic tamping material and behind thisagain may lie a turned up packing ring 10. The outlet tube is eitherturned up in the paper bag or in front of the cartridge in order tocatch and carry away at the top any escaping gases. At the side of theplugl next the mouth of the bore hole is likewise placed a layer ofplastic packing material 14, through ma which `the inlet and outletpassages are formed by pieces of tube inserted therein; the firing wire6 running alon the side of the plug, (Fig. 7), is bent up in front andpassed through a radial slot in the central pleted, the inlet and outlettubes are drawn A back and the plate 11 is screwed on by the aid of aSpanner which lits on to the pro jections 13. By this means the packingcomposition 14 is compressed and the openings in the passages closed.

For the purpose ot convenientlling-a' plug 15 is pushed into the frontend of the bore hole and around it are slung chains or cords 1G fromwhich the vessel contaim ing the substance to be introduced issuspended. luto this vessel passes a stopper 1S which closes it lightly.lf liquids which give olin gases, ,such as liquid oxygen or hydrogen forexample. are to be introduced1 the safety Jerk Vtitl is closed, so thatthe 'fj- Several en- 75 The plug 85 lrVhen the 110 i liquid and gasesare conveyed into the blastmg chamber 2l under the rising pressure. Ifliquids which do not produce any pressure or bodies in the form ofpowder or dust are introduced into the blasting chamber, the necessarypressure is produced by a pump. After filling is completed the plug l5and the.vessel 17 together With the inlet and outlet pipes are removed.The tamping plugs may obviously be also constructed in another form. Ifcircumstances permit of it the blasting chamber may also be closed bythe ordinary tamping plug of filling material, loam, sand and the likeinstead of a rigid tamping plug. The tubes for the subsequentintroduction of explosive constituents into the blasting chamberthenpass through this tamping plug.. The `lining plugs may also vbeprovided in addition to the locking device with the packings common tolining plugs.`

So far it has been assumed that always one bore hole is to be chargedand fired. It is obvious however that several bore holes may be chargedin the manner described and then iired. This may be conveniently done inthe manner shown in Fig. 8. l is a receptacle placed upon a raised standand containing any desired blasting liquid. From the receptacle leads apipe 2 to which are connected the supply pipes 3 leading to the severalbore holes. If the blasting chamber is above the level of the blastingliquid contained in the receptacle 1, the liquid must be forced into itby a special pump 4 through a pipe 5. When liquid air is used the pumpmay be dispensed with even When the level of the several bore holes isabove the surface of the liquid inthe receptacle l, provided thereceptacle be closed airtight. In such case the pressure produced by theevaporations of the liquid -may be utllized to force the liquid into-theblasting chamber.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim und desire to secure byLetters Patent of the United States is l. In combination with a blastingchamber and an igniting device, an apparatus for producing blastingcharges, comprising a tamping plug secured' in the bore-hole by alocking device and closing tightly said blasting chamber, said tampingplug bein provided with a channel for receiving sai igniting device, anobturable inlet passage, through which constituents of -explosives canbe introduced before closing the blastduring the filling of thebore-hole, substantially as described.

2. In an apparatus for producing explo-` sive blasting charges, thecombination with inlet and outlet passages coaxial to each other and tothe tamping plug; of means for obturating both passages together,substantially as described.-

3. In an apparatus for producing sive blasting charges, the combinationWith inlet and outlet passages coaxial to each other and to the'tampingplug, of valves adapted to close said passages either together orseparately, substantially as described.

4. In an apparatus for producing explosive blasting charges, thearrangement of inlet and outlet passages or tubes, whose ends are formedof telescoping tube pieces, a pulling device adapted to draw saidtelescoping tube pieces back in the blastin chamber, and a valve adaptedto close sai passages or tubes by its own Weight substantially asdescribed.

5. In an apparatus for producing blasting charges, the arrangement, of atamping plug, a plate preferably held in osition by screwing and adaptedto be peribrated under the influence of the explosion, a channelarranged in said tamping plug, and a vessel or receptacle connected tosaid channel, said vessel or receptacle being adapted to take up a partof the explosion gases, substantially as described.

6. In an apparatus for producing blasting charges, the combination of avessel or receptacle, a channel in connection thereexplowith, andStoppers to be blown olf under the influence of the explosion,substantially as described.

7. In an apparatus for producing blasting charges, the combination of avessel or receptacle, an outlet tube, and a safety valve closing saidoutlet tube, the latter containing means for absorbing the heat of thiiame, substantially as described.

In Witness whereof I have hereunto signed my name this fteenth day ofMay 1911 in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

AMBROSE KOWASTCH. Witnesses:

PETER Murrnu'r, HENRY H.\srun.

